Comparison of outcomes of foreign-born and native-born New Yorkers.

This comparative assessment explores how English-proficient immigrant and native-born New Yorkers perform across a range of economic and housing measures. The analysis is structured around three education groups: high school diploma or less, some college or associate degree, and bachelor’s degree or higher. Outcomes are measured using seven indicators—income, unemployment, poverty, working poverty, full-time employment, homeownership, and rent burden. The findings help identify differences associated with nativity among people with similar educational backgrounds.