Comparison of outcomes of foreign-born and native-born New Yorkers.

The following comparison explores how English-proficient native-born and foreign-born New Yorkers fare across several economic and social outcomes. Findings are organized by education level, including individuals with a high school education or less, those with some college or an associate degree, and those holding a bachelor’s degree or above. Seven measures are evaluated: income, unemployment, poverty status, working poverty, full-time work participation, homeownership, and housing cost burden. Comparing these groups helps identify gaps that remain despite comparable educational qualifications.